The so-called deep hole processing, is the length of the hole and hole diameter ratio greater than 5 holes. In general, deep hole machining, deep hole diameter ratio L/d is more than 100 in most cases. Such as cylinder hole, axial shaft oil hole, hollow main shaft hole and hydraulic valve hole, etc. Some of these holes require high machining precision and surface quality, and some of the processed materials have poor machining performance, which is often a big problem in production.

In most cases, the depth ratio of L/d is greater than or equal to 100. Such as oil cylinder hole, axial shaft oil hole, rocket body and various gun barrel, etc. Some of these holes require high machining precision and surface quality, and some of the processed materials have poor machining performance, which is often a big problem in production. As a result, deep hole machining has received much attention from many people, and more and more people have entered the deep hole machining industry of tungsten carbide drill bits.

Process features:

1. The tool bar is limited by the aperture, with small diameter and large length, resulting in poor rigidity and low strength. It is easy to generate vibration, ripple and taper when cutting, and affects the straightness and surface roughness of the deep hole.

2. When drilling and reaming, it is difficult to enter the cooling lubricant into the cutting area without using special equipment, so as to reduce tool durability and chip removal.

3. in the process of deep hole processing, cannot be directly observed tool cutting condition, with only the sounds of our experience in listening to the cutting, the chip, hand to touch the workpiece temperature and vibration, meter and electric meter (hydraulic table), to determine the cutting process is normal.

4. It is necessary to use reliable means to break the chip and control the length and shape of the chip, so as to facilitate the smooth elimination and prevent the chip from clogging.

5. in order to ensure that in deep hole machining process smoothly and reach the processing quality of should be required, should increase the cutting tool inside (or outside) chip removal device, cutting tool to guide and support device and high pressure cooling lubrication device.

6. Poor heat dissipation conditions of the tool, higher cutting temperature and lower tool durability.

Deep hole machining has been widely used in the mould industry, which solves the problem of fine hole and long hole which cannot be solved by common drilling machine. The machining cost of the mould is effectively reduced. To undertake the most sophisticated deep hole processing, the hole diameter 3-35 length can be up to 2,600. The channel hole, oil channel hole, air hole, single oblique hole, double oblique hole, screw hole, pin hole and so on are solved to the maximum.

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Low carbon steel is a kind of material with low hardness and high viscosity, so its cutting performance is poor. In order to achieve the maximum surface roughness of the processed hole after finishing, most of them adopt high speed steel reamer, and use low speed reamer to finish the hole machining by drilling, expanding and reaming. Although such a process can meet the requirements of processing precision, but low production efficiency, short tool life. In the process of ream, before cutting edge reamer blade slightly the devolop, will be the hole wall hair, scratch, which affects the surface quality of hole, in order to solve the common process of these ills, carbide reamer hole on finishing high-speed ream experiment was carried out, obtained satisfactory results. The cutting principle of high speed steel reamer and carbide reamer is different, high speed steel reamer relies mainly on the cutting edge sharp to obtain lower surface roughness value, and the carbide reamer is heavily dependent on squeeze cut to obtain lower surface roughness value, so the tool geometric angles are different requirements and cemented carbide reamer.

According to the cutting principle, it is required to cut the sharp edge of low carbon steel reamer which is sticky and soft. The blade material has a direct influence on the tool life. After the reamer is made from five different materials of YT15, YA6, YW1, YT5 and YW2, the effect is also different. Made reamer, YT15 material out of the hole surface roughness value is low, but in the process of cutting edge area easy caving, YT5 and YA6 material made ofcemented carbidereamer, surface roughness value after the ream, but quick wear of cutter relative to other blade material, low service life. For the reamer of YW1 material, the surface roughness value Ra= 1.6m after the reamer is hinged. However, due to the low flexural strength of the blade, blade breakage often occurs. Compared with the reamer of the above brands, the reamer made by YW2 has low surface roughness value and high tool life when processing low-carbon steel.

Improvement of tool structure. In order to overcome the soft hardness and high stickiness of low carbon steel, the head of the reamer is designed and made into a guide head with a certain Angle. This kind of guide head can not only guide the cutting edge of the tool during cutting, but also make the hole machining more linear. In addition, the residual chip can be pushed out to the front of the hole, which will not make it difficult to discharge the chip. The chip is squeezed into the slot of the reamer, resulting in more chip accumulation and tearing the hole wall, damaging the surface quality of the hole. Cutting tool structure adopted large blade Angle, not only can make the reamer smooth cut, and chip can discharge smoothly, at the same time in order to make the chip has enough capacity space, so the standard reamer to decrease the number of. Whether the machining process is properly prepared or not will directly affect the cutting effect. When cutting low carbon steel, the original drilling, expansion and hinge three processes can be changed into drilling and hinge two processes. Due to the nature of the carbide reamer ream is crowded cut, so it is very important to remain ream cushion before ream, function under ream leave allowance is too small, there wasn't enough margin to cause ream, may lead to the surface of the hole is too big and leave the walls drilling trace; If the residual amount is too large, the cutting resistance will be increased and the tool bar will be distorted. Meanwhile, the tool life will also be significantly reduced, and even a large number of chips will be generated and the surface of the hole will be damaged.

Choice of rational cutting allowance to ream holes has a great impact on the quality of low carbon steel material, usingcemented carbidereamer hole for low-speed ream can obtain lower surface roughness value, but the low cutting efficiency; However, the use of moderate speed cutting is easy to produce chip deposition, which affects the surface quality of the hole. High speed cutting is relatively ideal, can greatly improve the productivity, but also can obtain good machining quality, if match with suitable cutting fluid, the cutting tool can improve the life (in extreme pressure cutting fluid is preferred).

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In the forming process, the order of movement of the milling tool is as follows: fast forward to the safe distance - work forward to the cutting depth - tool return. SPIRON gear milling cutter process for dry cutting, so the cutting heat generated by the most will be take away by scrap iron, scrap iron in blue, for the best cutting state, so the cutting parameter setting as basic principles.

The cutting line speed of the carbide gear cutting tool is set at 180-220m/min, which is the most suitable. The constant line speed cutting method is usually adopted to reduce tool wear. The selection of cutting parameters is based on: in the initial stage of cutting, the cutting force is not too large, so the feed speed can be increased appropriately, since only the tip part participates in cutting. At the end of the cutting process, most of the cutting edges of the teeth will be involved in cutting, so the feed speed should be reduced. In order to improve the roughness of the tooth surface, the tool needs to stay at the final dimension for a certain time when the tooth depth is reached.

Unlike displayed, when generating method processing tool motion sequence is that fast forward to a safe distance from - to the cutting depth, cutting tool back in work - cutting tool cuts - cradle swing again gradually return finished cutting - tools.

Generative cutting, the cutting depth of the allowance allocation problem: due to the generating method processing, tooling need a second cut, therefore involve generating surplus allocation problem, such as the distribution of allowance is too small, will cause the generative process, tool vibration, tooth surface roughness; If the residual amount distribution is too large, the tool will be under too much force and the tool life will be affected. After a lot of trial and error in the field, the optimal JW machining allowance is 0.3-0.5mm. Generative cutting stage cutting parameter selection: when carries on the generative cutting, generally starting gear big end cutting, cutting allowance is bigger, so at this stage of the feeding should be appropriate, tooth width as generative approaches to the end, because the machining allowance is very small, may be appropriately increased feeding.

Tool wear judgment basis, according to the scrap color judgment

If the tool is in good condition, the iron chips shall be dark blue to light blue, and the surface of the iron chips shall be smooth and smooth. If the cutting tool is in poor condition, or after wear, the cutting iron chip is generally yellow to white, and the iron chip surface is rough and curly, indicating that the cutting heat has not been fully taken away.

If carbide gear cutting tool is in good condition, when cutting, the machine load is stable and the fluctuation is small, the maximum is about 20%. On the contrary, the load of machine tool fluctuates greatly, sometimes reaching more than 30%.

When the cutter is in good condition, the tooth surface is smooth and the burrs are small. When the cutter is in poor condition, the tooth surface is rough and the side burr is large.

Before using the new coated blade, the cutting edge is complete and sharp, and the overall color of the coating is grey and black. After wear, the tool cutting edge coating part has worn, the cutting edge is white, there are some serrated or even broken edges.

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Cemented carbide circular blade, called "wafer", is one of the series of hard alloy materials. It is usually used to make hard alloy blades and hard alloy tools, such as hard alloy woodworking tools, carbide cutting machine blades, hard alloy V-CUT knives, hard alloy cutting tools, hard alloy paper cutting knives, hard alloy cutting tools, hard alloy cutting tools, hard alloy cutting tools, and hard alloy cutting tools. Quality alloy hob, carbide circular knife, carbide milling cutter, carbide saw blade, cemented carbide split knife etc. Its application field involves various fields of national production, such as special cutting tools in the electronic industry, special cutting tools in woodworking furniture industry, special cutting tools in hardware machinery processing industry, and the characteristics of hard alloy wafers that are also resistant to corrosion and acid alkali and are not rusty by the food processing industry. With cutting tools, in short, the application range of cemented carbide wafers is very extensive. It is a good assistant material for people's production and processing.

If a shoulder milling cutter is used for rough milling of the cavity, a large amount of step cutting allowance must be removed in semi finishing. This will change the cutting force and make the tool bend. As a result, uneven machining allowance is left to finish machining, thus affecting the geometric accuracy of the die. If the blade tip milling cutter with a weak tip is used (with a triangular blade), it will produce an unpredictable cutting effect. The triangle or diamond blade can also produce greater radial cutting force, and because the number of cutting blades is less, they are poor economiccutting tools.

On the other hand, the circular blade can be milled in all kinds of materials and in all directions. If it is used, the transition between the adjacent tool paths is smooth and a smaller and more uniform machining allowance can be left for semi finishing. One of the characteristics of a circular blade is that the chip thickness they produce is variable. This enables them to use higher feed rates than most other blades. The main deflection angle of the circular blade changes from almost zero (very shallow cutting) to 90 degrees, and the cutting effect is very smooth. At the maximum depth of cutting, the main deflection angle is 45 degrees. When the straight wall profile is cut along the outer circle, the main deflection angle is 90 degrees. This also explains why the strength of the circular blade tool is large -- the cutting load increases gradually. Rough and semi rough machining should always be the first choice for round blade milling cutters, such as CoroMill 200 (see mold manufacturing sample C-1102:1). In 5 axis cutting, the circular blade is very suitable, especially without any restrictions.

By using good programming, the circular blade milling cutter can largely replace the ball end milling cutter. The small circular blade with small pulsation is combined with the fine grinding, positive rake and light cutting groove. It can also be used for semi finishing and some finishing.

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Waste powder is can't use at the scene of powder, in large (small) cyclone separation system of waste powder inside bucket of powder, the powder particle size is relatively small, charging effect is bad, it's hard to spray on the workpiece. We know that powder coatings have high production efficiency, excellent film coating performance, good ecological environment protection and outstanding economy. In the production, equipment manufacturers through the improvement of electrostatic equipment spray gun and equipment technology to improve the dead corner powder rate. There are many factors influencing the powder rate on the dead corner of powder coatings, which can be divided into external factors and internal factors. External factors include the elbow size and shape of the coated workpiece, customer powder spraying system, powder spraying construction personnel, etc., powder formulation adjustment and operational factors in the spraying process, which are internal factors.

The scrap rate is the percentage of waste powder = the percentage of waste powder/total used component.

What factors will affect the waste powder rate?

1. Particle size ratio of new powder

2. Air injection ratio

3. Frequency of color change

4. Powder rate

5. Separation efficiency of cyclone device

6. Integrity of the system

7. The primary qualification rate of spraying products is also a factor to reduce the waste powder

The particle size ratio of the new powder is determined by the powder factory. The powder factory needs to provide the particle size distribution map of the new powder to minimize the proportion of the fine powder.

Reduce the proportion of air blast, because when air blast is 0% powder rate, the powder is separated by cyclone devicewhile powder sprayingprocessing. The method is to change the hanging mode or increase the clearance automatic control system.

Every change of color will lose 10 kilograms of powder, reasonable production plan, can reduce a change of color, can reduce more than 10 kilograms of waste powder!

Increase the powder powder powder rate, also can reduce the waste powder. The powder rate is related to the electrostatic system of spray gun and the good or bad grounding of workpiece. The separation efficiency of cyclone devices is determined by the equipment manufacturer. High separation rate will reduce the amount of waste powder. The integrity of the system is also an important factor affecting the rate of waste powder. Timely maintenance of the system is also important in spraying! Increasing the qualified rate of spray products can reduce the amount of recycled powder, which can also reduce the proportion of waste powder.

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The heat treatment method used in domestic carbide saw blades is generally the salt bath method. After the heat treatment, the oxidation layer is thicker and the deformation of the saw blade is large. When the surface of the saw blade is taper, the oxide layer is not completely worn to make the saw blade undurable. The hardness of ordinary quenching is not good. Sometimes the hardness of the finished product is low, and it is not durable. Sometimes the toughness is low and the blade is easy to explode. The overseas saw blade quenching is treated by vacuum treatment and has the function of preventing oxidation. After quenching, the deformation of the saw blade is small, the difficulty of correcting the stress is reduced, and the saw blade has a small deflection value. According to the incomplete data, the deformation of the vacuum heat treatment is less than half of the ordinary quenching. The stability and repeatability of the vacuum heat treatment are good, and the quality fluctuation of the cutting tool is avoided by the conventional heat treatment. The high speed steel saw blade in vacuum heat treatment can obviously improve the toughness and fatigue strength of the cutting tool, so the saw blade is not easily detonated when cutting fast feed. The surface hardness error of the saws is controlled within one degree, which lays a solid foundation for the performance of the cutting process.

An important index affecting the effect of high-speed saw blade is the geometric taper design of the saw blade. The grinding taper of the saw blade in China is used for the grinding equipment used in the lathe modification. Usually the saw blade is erected, then the single surface is worn and then processed on the other side according to the experience. This way can not guarantee the consistency of the two sides of the saw blade, thus increasing the friction coefficient and cutting resistance of the saw blade, and affecting the cutting life. The special equipment used in foreign countries is made of special equipment. The saw blade is used for flat processing. Through the control system, the taper grinding operation of the saw blade will be operated automatically until it is completed. It can fully guarantee the consistency of the two tapers, thus ensuring the low friction coefficient and cutting resistance of the saw blade, which is beneficial to the cuttings and obviously improves the service life of the saw blade. And cut the verticality.

The aluminum alloy saw blade is used for the aluminum alloy material, sawing, milling, and cutting the groove. In the process of processing, it is in the polishing liquid rich in abrasive, and can be pressed on the workpiece. It can rotate at high speed.

1. It is necessary to finish polishing and polishing under light pressure, especially when polishing pre hard steel and fine grinding paste. When polishing with #8000 grinding paste, the load is 100~200g/cm2, but it is difficult to keep the precision of the load.

2. When the polishing process is stopped, it is very important to make sure that the workpiece is clean and carefully removed from all abrasive and lubricants. Then a layer of mould antirust coating should be sprayed on the surface.

3, each polishing time should not be too long, the shorter the time, the better the function. If the polishing process is too long, it will form "orange peel" and "pitting corrosion".

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"It is not only feasible to imagine the processing of nickel - chromium alloy 718 and other high temperature alloys (HRSAs) at the speed of processing aluminum," said Melissa Singher, a senior product engineer at the U. S.. The secret lies in the SX9 ceramic end mills produced by the cutting tool manufacturer.

Singher said: "in the use of SX9 mills to process superalloys (such as Inco 718 and 625), it is suggested that the speed is 2000 to 3000 SFM (surface feed / minute), with a minimum speed of about 1000 SFM. For example, in general, the minimum speed of a 0.5 inch vertical milling cutter is 8000r/min. To obtain the best performance, the spindle speed should be within the range of 15000 to 20000r/min. The feed rate is usually 0.0011 to 0.0013 IPT (inch / every blade), and the feed speed should exceed 100 ipm/min (inch / minute) when the 4 edge end milling cutter is used for 20000r/min cutting.

Singher says that a large number of spatters with spark chips will be quickly ignited, and the cutters will quickly prepare for the chip recycling, which is a very effective metal cutting process. It is worth noting that under proper machining technology, the working life of the tool can be as long as 10-25min. Singher explains that SX9 is a kind of SiAlON or silicon aluminum nitride ceramics, which ingeniously combines the strength of silicon nitride with the heat resistance and wear resistance of alumina. It is reported that the cutting edge design can withstand the extreme heat and pressure generated by high-speed machining of HRSA.

Singher added that working hardening is a common phenomenon at such a high cutting speed. This is also the reason why the end mills are mainly used for rough machining. Therefore, a cemented carbide end mill with a diameter of at least 0.3 cm (0.012 inches) is usually required for finishing. Here are some basic rules of thumb for SiAlON end mills.

Because of the high temperature, the continuous tool path can reduce the thermal shock of the tool.

When machining core, the inclination angle of 1.5 degree and 50% of conventional feed speed should be used.

Ceramic end mills are not suitable for machining titanium materials because the heat generated during processing will produce adverse reactions to the material.

Use the 6 edge end mill instead of the 4 edge milling cutter as far as possible to maximize productivity.

In addition, high speed and high balance hydraulic or heat shrinkable chuck or shaft should be selected as far as possible. No cutting fluid is used, instead of direct injection of a chuck with a strong convective air, which can prevent the expansion of a large amount of cutting heat produced during the process.

Finally, although the price of the ceramic cutter is much higher than that of the high quality hard alloy, the higher productivity in the use of the ceramic end mills is easy to balance the cost increase caused by the price.

Singher said: "because of the intense competition atmosphere in the engine parts industry, we have seen that the first and two tier sub contractors are very interested in this product. These companies really see their potential productivity of 15-40 times higher than that of carbide end mills, thus greatly reducing the manufacturing time of complex HRSA parts.

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Metal circular saw blade is a very important part of cutting equipment, the factors to consider when choosing to buy has a lot of, especially the stability of the cutting and quality, and the most important is the wastage of the cutting, it is closely connected with production profit and quality.

What specific matters should enterprises pay attention to when purchasing?

Selection of various parameters

Metal circular saw blade of any kind of specification has the specific sawing parameters and the corresponding sawing objects. When selecting, it is necessary to clearly understand the sawing materials.

1. Select the number of teeth of metal circular saw blade

The number of teeth is determined according to the materials and equipment of sawing, such as hollow pipe, wall thickness, diameter, etc. A lot of people may think that more teeth is better, but that's not the case.

2. Selection of blade diameter

The diameter of metal circular saw blade needs to be related to the cut material. First, the cut material is determined, then the suitable equipment is selected, and finally, the size of saw blade is selected according to the above situation.

3. Selection of types

Different kinds of metal circular saw blade, the cutting effect is also different, such as high speed steel saw blade, the cutting pipe effect is very good, of course, also can cut iron, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, etc.; The tungsten carbide saw blade is specially used for sawing wood and aluminum profiles, and finally cold saw blade, which is currently a kind of saw blade for high speed metal circular saw machine.

4. Thickness selection

As for the thickness of saw blade, it cannot be said that the thinner the better. Too thin will lead to instability, and too thick will lead to more serious loss of saw cutting.

Quality selection

When purchasing metal circular saw pieces, the most important part is quality. How long is the service life? What is the cost of a single saw cut? How stable is the sawing? Wait is all we need to consider.

Followed by the brand, the brand can represent the quality and service, again good a saw blade, it is impossible to do without any problem, which requires the service to support, there is no perfect service, the user will not buy at ease.

The last is the integrity of an enterprise, there is no good faith again good product can't go to work with, there are too many uncertain factors, metal circular saw blade is a kind of consumables, often can buy used, I don't believe that a company like change suppliers, if the good faith, believe that the quality of metal circular saw blade also not bad.

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In some cases, the repair of a indexable insert may not be worth the cost. EMUGE provides repair services for its own taps, end mills and thread mills. Although the tap can be resharpened, its geometric shape is much more complex than other tools such as the drill. The inconsistency between the new tool and the repaired tool is one of the reasons for the problem. However, there are also large parts (such as the oil field blowout preventer with a diameter greater than 25mm) that is often used to process the repaired tap. Much depends on the user and the processing technology. One of the key tricks of tool repair is to know when to stop using fixed tools. Everyone's situation is different. One auto parts manufacturer USES a tap to fix the taps for 2,000 to 3,000 holes. Each tap can be reused three times. But if he USES the tap to complete the damage and delivers the repair, the taps may only be able to process another 1,000 holes. Some users will stop using the tool before it breaks or the cutting edge is seriously damaged and will be sent to repair. This should be done for any tool that intends to repair reuse. If the tool is repaired before the insert is broken or badly worn, it is necessary to remove less of the tool material in the regrinding process.

In some cases, many indexable tools are gradually replacing the forming tool. Due to the transposition function, the initial purchase price of this tool is also quite high, but the user does not have to pay the cost of repairing the tool. In the case of conditional permission, the end milling cutter may replace the whole round milling cutter.

Although it has a good application prospect, it still has reason to choose the solid carbide bit when machining the high quality hole with high surface finish and dimension precision. The design ofindexable insertor replaceable cutter head is increasing, but the solid carbide round tool still has its use. Another limiting factor for indexable cutting tools is the need for space for clamping inserts. When the tool diameter is less than a certain limit, the integral tool is the only feasible solution.

Another key factor in increasing tool repair costs is the need to track and deliver the additional tooling inventory required in the repair process. This increases the complexity of managing tool repair processes, especially in complex high-tech production environments. First, there is a logistics process for collecting, packaging, and sending the tools to be repaired and to recover the repaired tools. Then you need to determine the difference of the repaired tool. In addition, it is essential that they be properly tracked or classified so that they can be used correctly for processing. In particular, the vertical milling cutter, for example, will be sent to repair by a vertical milling cutter with a diameter of 12.7mm. The diameter of the cutter returned after the repair may be reduced by 0.51mm or 0.76mm. In order to guarantee the machining quality, the offset of CNC machine tool must be adjusted appropriately.

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In the process of cutting, the cutting edge of the carbide cutter will be blunt and the cutting ability will be lost because of the sharp friction and the cutting heat of the knife surface. Only through grinding can the cutting edge sharp and the correct angle of the cutter be restored. Therefore, the lathe operator should not only know the cutting principle, but also select the tool angle knowledge reasonably.

When the carbide cutter is blunt, it must be sharpened to restore its reasonable shape and angle. The cutter is usually sharpened on a sand turbine. Grinding high speed steel tool with white alumina grinding wheel, grinding carbide turning tool with green silicon carbide grinding wheel.

When the carbide cutter is regrinding, it is possible to grind the relevant blade surface according to the wear condition of the carbide cutter. The general sequence of tool sharpening is as follows: grinding surface, grinding side, flank face, grinding surface and grinding wheel. When the carbide cutter is sharpened, it is also used to grind each knife face with oil stone. Thus, the service life of the turning tool can be effectively improved and the roughness of the workpiece surface can be reduced.

The position and method of grinding the carbide cutter are:

People stand on the side of the grinder to prevent debris from flying when it breaks.

The opening distance between the two hands is held, and the two elbow is clamped to the waist to reduce the jitter during grinding.

When grinding the main and secondary cutter surface, the carbide cutter should be placed in the horizontal center of the grinding wheel. The tip of the knife should be slightly upwards about 3 ~8 degrees, and the wheel should move horizontally in the left and right direction after contact with the grinding wheel. When the carbide cutter is away from the grinding wheel, the carbide cutter needs to be lifted up to prevent the sharpened blade from being bruised by the grinding wheel.

When grinding the cutter face, the end of the cutter head deviates from the angle of a main deflection to the left side, and the angle of the cutter shaft tail crosses the right side to a side deflection angle when grinding the flank face.

When the grinding tool tip is circular, the front end of the carbide cutter is usually supported by the left hand as the fulcrum, and the tail of the carbide cutter is rotated with the right hand.

When grinding the tool, we should pay attention to the following items:

(1) when sharpening, the two hands should stabilize the carbide cutter, and the cutter bar depends on the bracket, so that the worn surface is lightly attached to the grinding wheel. Do not exert too much force to avoid crushing the wheel and cause accidents.

(2) the sharpening tool should be moved around the circumference of the grinding wheel to make the grinding wheel uniform and no grooves. Avoid rough grinding of the carbide cutter on the two side of the grinding wheel, so that the wheel is forced to swing, beat, or even break.

(3) when the cutter head is heated, it should be cooled by water so as to avoid the annealing and softening of the cutter head due to the high temperature rise. When grinding carbide tools, the blade should not be covered with water so as to prevent the blade from being chilled and crack.

(4) do not stand on the front side of the grinding wheel to sharpen the carbide cutter to prevent the operator from being injured when the wheel is broken.

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The high hardness and high strength of the workpiece are the main reasons for the cutting edge and short life of tungsten carbide drilling reamer blade. It is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

(1) the main deflection Angle of the reamer cutting cone is small, the cutting width is large, and the radial cutting force is large when cutting, so it is very easy to cause the blade of the reamer blade.

(2) in the process of quenching steel, the front Angle of the reamer should be negative, which will increase the strength of the blade and reduce the collapse.

(3) replace the material of cemented carbide blade, preferably select ultra-fine grain carbide blade to ensure high hardness and good strength.

(4) strict control of hinged margin. Because the ream allowance is too big, will increase each blade cutting load, destroyed the stability of the process of ream, and increased the cutting heat, make the diameter of the reamer swell, aperture has been expanding, the surface roughness of the processing quality is poor.

Major changes are made in the following aspects:

(1) adjust the size of the reamer properly. When using tungsten carbide drilling reamer machining hardened steel hinge holes have a certain amount of shrinkage, depending on the size of the hole, shrinkage rate is generally 0.005 ~ 0.02 mm, so the reamer tolerance zone up appropriately, and keep the correction part of the front end with 6 mm long cylindrical blade, the backend to make 0.01 mm inverted cone, in order to reduce friction on the surface of the blade and is ream, try to avoid surface damage.

(2) shorten the length of the reamer to improve the overall rigidity of the reamer. In the case of ensuring the depth of the reaming, shorten the length of the reamer properly, and keep the distance between 15 ~ 20mm from the end surface of the spindle.

(3) appropriately increase the diameter of the blade section to improve the rigidity of the reamer, while at the same time, in the external grinding process, the knife will be rounded to the outside, ensuring the coaxial degree of the blade and Morse taper shank.

(4) increasing the reamer cutting cones Angle, increased from the original 15 ° to 30 °, and radial cutting force to reduce the cutting width.

(5) the reamer Angle from 3 ° to 10 ° before (in front of the blade offset 1 mm), can protect the blade reamer blade does not crack.

(6) after reamer cylindrical blade Angle from 15 ° to 8 °, and retain cylindrical blade with 0.1 ~ 0.15 mm.

(7) in cutting cone grinding reamer law Angle, back from the original tool grinding process to shovel grinding process, namely blade back to curve, can increase the strength of the reamer cutting cones, reduce the reamer blade cutter tooth crack. Reamer cutting Angle of cone method backward shoulds not be too much at the same time, choose to 7 ° when machining hardened steel, shovel mill when actual value is 1.1 K.

( change the carbide welding blade model from E518 to E315, and increase the blade thickness from 1.5mm to 2mm to improve the blade strength.

(9) carbide blade material is changed from YG8 to YS8 or YT726 suitable for processing quenching steel. That is, the blade hardness is increased from 89HRC to 92.5hrc, which greatly extends the life of reamer.

(10) properly reduce the hinged margin and reduce the cutting load. Increase the original value of 11.7mm hinged bottom hole to the value of 11.8mm, that is, the hinged margin will be reduced from 0.3mm to 0.2mm, so as to improve the quality of reaming holes.

By users to use the improved reamer, after more than 20 sets of mold in continuous processing, remove the blade reamer observation, no collapse edge, only slight traces of wear, still can continue to use, reamer life was improved.

For the improvement of carbide taper shank machine reamer, the following requirements should be paid attention to in the process of quenching steel: it is an important condition for cutting and quenching steel. It is necessary to have reasonable geometrical parameters of the tool to effectively perform the cutting performance of the tool material. According to the physical and mechanical properties of tool material and workpiece material, the workpiece shape, the rigidity of the process system and the machining allowance are used to select the reasonable cutting amount.

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Cemented carbide raw material prices have been rising in 2017, caused the carbide product production enterprise production costs have risen sharply, the annual carbide product price rose, cemented carbide production enterprises generally face income drops, even without the embarrassing situation. At present, hard alloy production enterprises have been unable to bear the soaring cost of raw materials. At the end of the year, many hard alloy manufacturers are forced to have no choice but to raise the price of products.

In the price of raw materials, tungsten and cobalt rose the most

Tungsten carbide powder, the main raw material of cemented carbide, has risen from about 180 yuan/kg at the beginning of the year to about 269 yuan/kg at the end of this year, and the price has soared more than 50% in the whole year. Tungsten powder is also at the beginning of the year from 2017 181 yuan/kg all the way up, early September when the highest even up to nearly 300 yuan/kg, regeneration of the price of tungsten carbide powder is from the beginning of the end of 158 yuan/kg has been up to now 208 yuan/kg, rose by nearly 35%.

Tungsten, another major material for cemented carbide, has also risen sharply. The price of cobalt almost doubled in 2017, according to metal bulletin, trading at around $29 a pound. According to ubs, cobalt was the best base metal in 2017.

Of course, there are many reasons for the price increase, and the increase of raw material costs is only one of the reasons. The increase in operating costs and labor costs is also an important reason for the increase. In recent years, with the upgrading of the consumer market, the demand for high quality products has increased, while high-quality products are often accompanied by high costs, and the price increases will naturally follow.

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Powder metallurgy is preparing or metal powder with metal powder (or the mixture of metal powder and nonmetal powder) as raw materials manufacturing metal materials, composite materials and various types of products, technology belongs to the comprehensive technology of multidisciplinary cross, involves the chemical industry, metallurgy, material preparation, thermal, mechanical, disciplines such as automatic control technology. The process of powder metallurgy includes four steps: powder forming, forming, sintering and reprocessing.

Powder metallurgy technology has a series of advantages such as energy saving, saving material, excellent performance, high precision and good stability. It is suitable for mass production. As a result of the differences with ordinary processes, powder metallurgy has a unique chemical composition and mechanical and physical properties, which are not obtained by traditional melting methods. The application of powder metallurgy technology can be directly made into porous, semi-dense or fully dense materials and products. In addition, some preparation in traditional foundry method and machining methods of complex materials and components also available powder metallurgy technology, and powder metallurgy technology is now widely industry attention.

In recent years, powder metallurgy industry developing rapidly, especially in automobile industry, machinery manufacturing, metal industry, aerospace, instruments and meters, hardware tools, construction machinery, electronic appliances and the rapid development of high-tech industries, for the powder metallurgy industry has brought the bigger development opportunities. At present, powder metallurgy products are mainly used in automobiles, home appliances, power tools, motorcycles, agricultural machinery and engineering machinery industries, such as the development of downstream industries will drive the development of the upstream industry, the capacity of the whole industry constantly expanding.

From the perspective of a world of powder metallurgy mechanical parts industry, powder metallurgy parts industry is the biggest sales market, at the same time, the field of powder metallurgy parts technology, highest quality requirements of the market. In Europe and Japan and other developed countries, the industry demand for powder metallurgy parts accounted for about 90% of the powder metallurgy market, the powder metallurgy auto parts of North America accounted for more than 80% of the powder metallurgy industry market. From the perspective of the powder metallurgy mechanical parts industry of China, powder metallurgy parts industry the main market is the refrigerator compressor industry, air conditioning compressor industry, motorcycle industry, gradually evolved into the auto industry.

At present, the domestic powder metallurgy market scale is 6.4 billion yuan, among which the auto powder metallurgy parts are around 4 billion yuan. With the wide application of powder metallurgy products: assumes that China's auto sales remain 5% growth, auto bike usage 15 kg of powder metallurgy parts, is expected in 2020 China's automobile powder metallurgy market capacity is expected to reach 14 billion yuan. European and American car companies produce an average of 20kg of powder metallurgy parts per vehicle; The average car produced by a Japanese car company USES about 9kg of powder metallurgy parts. In China, the average use of powder metallurgy parts is only about 5kg. Powder metallurgy industry in China in the future expansion space is larger, as China's automobile market volume growth, further improve bike usage and powder metallurgy parts, powder metallurgy market is expected to usher in a more rapid development.

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Welding tool is a way for the blade and blade part of the connection, through the dehydration of borax, copper, ferromanganese, glass powder, solder, the high temperature melt, let alloy, high speed steel,, diamond and cubic boron nitride ceramic material such as razor blades and trough consistent tool rod sticking together, in order to achieve the demand of machining operations, a turning the most widely used for cemented carbide tool, because of the hard alloy hardness is higher, can reach the use requirement, most of the processed material and corresponding relative to other material cost is very low, so it is widely used, carbide welding tool according to the properties and processing object is mainly divided into three kinds, red handle for YG class, represented by YG6 and YG8, mainly used for cast iron, non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials roughing, skinned, advantage is high bending strength, the disadvantage is that poor abrasion resistance, can only be used for low speed processing, yellow handle for YW classes, with YW1, YW2, mainly used for semi finished high viscosity material such as stainless steel and refined, YW class alloy high hardness, wear resistance, but the bending strength is limited, is suitable for high speed small feed processing, is a good commonality carbide, blue handle to YT classes, represented by YT15 and YT5, suitable for 45 # steel, plain carbon steel processing, high hardness, bending strength is poorer, wearability is good, mainly for roughing and semi-finishing.

Performance of welding tool.

Advantages: the welding tool structure is simple and compact; Strong rigidity and strong vibration resistance; Manufacturing, grinding and convenient; Use flexibility.

Disadvantages: the blade has been welded with high temperature, the strength and hardness are reduced, and the cutting performance is reduced. The blade material produces internal stress and is prone to crack and other defects. The handle can not be reused, waste raw materials; It is not suitable for automatic lathe and nc lathe.

Turning to cylindrical workpieces, end face of the straight head, 90 and 45 elbow tool, hole boring cutter, blind hole boring cutter, cutting, etc.

In order to make the blade weld firmly, the edge grinding is small, so it is necessary to process the groove shape on cemented carbide tool bar, and the common form of knife slot is the following.

(1) the opening groove is simple in shape and easy to process, but the welding area is small, which is suitable for the type C blade.

(2) the semi-closed groove can only be processed by milling cutter, which is difficult to manufacture, but the welding blade is firm, which is suitable for A and B blade.

(3) the closed groove clamp blade is strong, and the welding is reliable. It is used for thread cutting tool and is suitable for type E blade.

(4) the incision groove is used to cut off the cutting knife and slot cutter with small floor area, so as to increase the welding area and enhance the bonding strength, which is suitable for the D blade.

Folding welding equipment

Welding is a process of making or sculpting metal or thermoplastic plastics. During the welding process, the workpiece and solder melt into molten area, and the connection between the materials is formed when the molten pool cools and solidifies. Welding is made by heating, pressurizing, or both, making the two workpieces produce an interatomic process and a connection. Welding is widely used in both metals and nonmetals.

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